Participation in real-world laboratories in a new light?! Closing the gap between co-creative and deliberative participation

Sustainability-oriented real-world laboratories involve the co-design and co-creation of knowledge, based on a trans- disciplinary cooperation between actors from different social worlds-academia,theadministration,business,civilsociety- each endowed with specific interests, resources and world- views. Sustainability-oriented real-world laboratories claim to be a means of inclusive participation in the co-creative shaping of solutions for socioecological issues and exploring pathways to sustainability. In the literature dealing with sus- tainability-oriented real-world laboratories, participation is thus mainly understood as active involvement by civil society, change agents and citizens in processes of experimentation and the implementation of solutions. We call this co-creative participation. However, participation in talk-based opinion formation and decision-making processes - we call this de- liberative participation - is hardly discussed in the respective literature. In this paper, we argue that co-creative and delib- erative participation are two forms of participation which can be conceptualized differently but which are both relevant for successful experimentation in sustainability-oriented real- world laboratories and are mainly intertwined in practice. We propose an ideal-typical conceptual framework for par- ticipation in sustainability-oriented real-world laboratories that combines co-creative and deliberative participation. The aim is to contribute to a systematization of, and rationale for, different forms of participation in real-world laboratories.Basierend auf der transdisziplinären Kooperation von Akteuren aus unterschiedlichen Feldern (Wissenschaft, Verwaltung, Wirtschaft, Zivilgesellschaft), die sich jeweils durch spezifische Interessen, Weltsichten und Ressourcenausstattungen auszeichnen, zielen Reallabore auf das Co-Design und die Co-Kreation von Wissen ab. Damit ist der Anspruch verbunden, dass Reallabore ein Mittel inklusiver Partizipation in der co-kreativen Lösungsfindung für sozialökologische Probleme sein sollen. In der aktuellen Literatur zu Reallaboren wird Partizipation zumeist als aktive Beteiligung von Zivilgesellschaft, Pionier*innen des Wandels und Bürger*innen in praktischen Prozessen des Experimentierens und der Implementation von Problemlösungen verstanden. Wir bezeichnen dies als co-kreative Partizipation. Formen dialogbasierter Meinungsbildung und Entscheidungsfindung (deliberative Partizipation) finden in der einschlägigen Literatur dagegen kaum Beachtung. In diesem Artikel argumentieren wir, dass co-kreative und deliberative Partizipation zwei unterschiedlich verfasste Formen von Partizipation sind, die jedoch beide von Relevanz für den Erfolg eines Reallabors sind. Basierend auf unseren praktischen Erfahrungen im Reallabor für nachhaltige Mobilitätskultur (RNM) erarbeiten wir einen idealtypischen konzeptionellen Rahmen, der co-kreative und deliberative Partizipationsformen in Beziehung zueinander setzt und so eine Systematisierung und Begründung unterschiedlicher Partizipationsformen in Reallaboren liefert

Affinity labeling of the active center and ribonucleoside triphosphate binding site of yeast DNA primase.

Abstract A highly selective affinity labeling procedure has been applied to map the active center of DNA primase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Enzyme molecules that have been modified by covalent attachment of benzaldehyde derivatives of adenine nucleotides are autocatalytically labeled by incubation with a radioactive ribonucleoside triphosphate. The affinity labeling of primase requires a template DNA, is not affected by DNase and RNase treatments, but is sensitive to proteinase K. Both the p58 and p48 subunits of yeast DNA primase appear to participate in the formation of the catalytic site of the enzyme, although UV-photocross-linking with [alpha-32P]ATP locates the ribonucleoside triphosphate binding site exclusively on the p48 polypeptide. The fixation of the radioactive product has been carried out also after the enzymatic reaction. Under this condition the RNA primers synthesized by the DNA polymerase-primase complex under uncoupled DNA synthesis conditions are linked to both DNA primase and DNA polymerase. When DNA synthesis is allowed to proceed first, the labeled RNA chains are fixed exclusively to the DNA polymerase polypeptide. These results, in accord with previous data, have been used to propose a model illustrating the interactions and the putative roles of the polypeptides of the DNA polymerase-primase complex

Detection of peripheral vascular stenosis by assessing skeletal muscle flow reserve

ObjectivesWe sought to determine whether the severity of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) can be assessed by measuring blood flow reserve in limb skeletal muscle with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEU).BackgroundNoninvasive imaging of distal limb perfusion could improve management of patients with PAD by evaluating the impact of large and small vessel disease, and collateral flow.MethodsIn 12 dogs, blood flow in the quadriceps femoris was measured by CEU at rest and during either electrostimulated contractile exercise or adenosine infusion. Femoral artery blood flow was measured by Doppler ultrasound. Studies were performed in the absence and presence of either moderate or severe stenosis (pressure gradient of 10 to 20 mm Hg and >20 mm Hg, respectively).ResultsResting femoral artery blood flow progressively decreased with stenosis severity, while resting skeletal muscle flow was reduced only with severe stenosis (52 ± 21% of baseline, p < 0.05), indicating the presence of collateral flow. Skeletal muscle flow reserve during contractile exercise or adenosine decreased incrementally with increasing stenosis severity (p < 0.01). The stenotic pressure gradient correlated with skeletal muscle flow reserve for exercise and adenosine (r = 0.70 for both, p < 0.01).ConclusionsContrast-enhanced ultrasound of limb skeletal muscle can be used to assess the severity of PAD by measuring muscle flow reserve during either contractile exercise or pharmacologic vasodilation. Unlike currently used methods, this technique may provide a measure of the physiologic effects of large- and small-vessel PAD, and the influence of collateral perfusion

A Survey on Data Plane Programming with P4: Fundamentals, Advances, and Applied Research

With traditional networking, users can configure control plane protocols to match the specific network configuration, but without the ability to fundamentally change the underlying algorithms. With SDN, the users may provide their own control plane, that can control network devices through their data plane APIs. Programmable data planes allow users to define their own data plane algorithms for network devices including appropriate data plane APIs which may be leveraged by user-defined SDN control. Thus, programmable data planes and SDN offer great flexibility for network customization, be it for specialized, commercial appliances, e.g., in 5G or data center networks, or for rapid prototyping in industrial and academic research. Programming protocol-independent packet processors (P4) has emerged as the currently most widespread abstraction, programming language, and concept for data plane programming. It is developed and standardized by an open community and it is supported by various software and hardware platforms. In this paper, we survey the literature from 2015 to 2020 on data plane programming with P4. Our survey covers 497 references of which 367 are scientific publications. We organize our work into two parts. In the first part, we give an overview of data plane programming models, the programming language, architectures, compilers, targets, and data plane APIs. We also consider research efforts to advance P4 technology. In the second part, we analyze a large body of literature considering P4-based applied research. We categorize 241 research papers into different application domains, summarize their contributions, and extract prototypes, target platforms, and source code availability.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials (COMS) on 2021-01-2

A Fast and Simple Contact Printing Approach to Generate 2D Protein Nanopatterns

Protein micropatterning has become an important tool for many biomedical applications as well as in academic research. Current techniques that allow to reduce the feature size of patterns below 1 μm are, however, often costly and require sophisticated equipment. We present here a straightforward and convenient method to generate highly condensed nanopatterns of proteins without the need for clean room facilities or expensive equipment. Our approach is based on nanocontact printing and allows for the fabrication of protein patterns with feature sizes of 80 nm and periodicities down to 140 nm. This was made possible by the use of the material X-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (X-PDMS) in a two-layer stamp layout for protein printing. In a proof of principle, different proteins at various scales were printed and the pattern quality was evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy

Response of the wood-decay fungus Schizophyllum commune to co-occurring microorganisms

Microorganisms are constantly interacting in a given environment by a constant exchange of signaling molecules. In timber, wood-decay fungi will come into contact with other fungi and bacteria. In naturally bleached wood, dark, pigmented lines arising from confrontation of two fungi often hint at such interactions. The metabolites (and pigment) exchange was investigated using the lignicolous basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune, and co-occurring fungi and bacteria inoculated directly on sterilized wood, or on media. In interactions with competitive wood degrading fungi, yeasts or bacteria, different competition strategies and communication types were observed, and stress reactions, as well as competitor-induced enzymes or pigments were analyzed. Melanin, indole, flavonoids and carotenoids were shown to be induced in S. commune interactions. The induced genes included multi-copper oxidases lcc1, lcc2, mco1, mco2, mco3 and mco4, possibly involved in both pigment production and lignin degradation typical for wood bleaching by wood-decay fungi